摘  要
本文设计一种基于NB-Iot技术的车流量检测系统。其中主要是将红外传感器测得的电平信号传递到单片机中，通过单片机判断处理、计数等功能实现车流量的检测。阐述车流量检测系统的的优点和红外传感器的功能简介。讲述车流量检测的原理和一些传统的检测车流量的方法。在说明原理时也充分说明用这种方法的优越性以及实用性。其中还对单片机做一个笼统的介绍，也对NB-Iot技术做相关概述。整个装置可划分为三部分，分别为采集部分，信号调理部分和识别处理部分。在应用中，由于本次设计的是没有返程的,所以在需要的路段可以将多个装置分别安装在各个路段两侧，以采集到有效的数据，再经过信号的调理、信号判断处理等过程，最终将处理结果汇总到最近的上位机节点，然后将各地方节点汇总到中心工作站，从而对数据进行存储、分析、统计，达到道路车流量检测的目的。为掌握各路段车辆通行规律，预测车流高峰和堵车高峰，作出合理调度和措施提供依据。

关键词：智能交通；车流量；检测器；物联网；NB-Iot
Abstract
In this paper, a vehicle flow detection system based on NB-Iot technology is designed. Among them, the level signal measured by infrared sensor is transferred to the single chip microcomputer, and the traffic flow detection is realized by the function of single chip microcomputer judging, processing, counting and so on. The advantages of vehicle flow detection system and the function of infrared sensor are introduced. This paper describes the principle of traffic flow detection and some traditional methods of traffic flow detection. The advantages and practicability of this method are fully illustrated when explaining the principle. Among them also makes a general introduction to the single-chip computer, also makes the related summary to the NB-Iot technology. The whole device can be divided into three parts. A signal conditioning section and a recognition processing section. In application, because there is no return trip in this design, many devices can be installed on each side of each road section separately in order to collect effective data, and then go through the process of signal conditioning, signal judgment and processing, etc. Finally, the processing results are summarized to the nearest upper computer node, and then the local nodes are aggregated to the central workstation, and the data are stored, analyzed and counted to achieve the purpose of road traffic flow detection. In order to grasp the traffic law of various sections of vehicles, forecast the peak of traffic flow and traffic jam peak, and make reasonable dispatching and measures to provide the basis.

Keywords: intelligent Transportation; Traffic flow; detector; Internet of things; NB-Iot

目  录
摘  要 1
Abstract 2
第一章 绪论 4
1.1 课题的研究背景及意义 4
1.2 国内外研究现状 5
1.2.1 车流量检测技术发展现状 5
1.2.2 物联网通信技术发展现状 6
1.3 本文的主要研究内容 8
1.4 本文的章节安排 8
第二章 系统框架设计和关键技术分析 9
2.1 系统设计需求 9
2.2 系统总体方案 9
2.3 无线传感器网络介绍 10
2.4 NB-IOT技术分析 13
2.4.1 NB-IOT的技术特点和应用领域 13
2.4.2 NB-IOT与其他无线通信技术对比 13
2.5 本章小结 14
第三章 系统硬件电路设计 14
3.1 系统总体硬件框架结构 14
3.2 电源管理模块电路设计 16
3.3 采集节点电路设计 17
3.4  NB-IOT通信模块电路设计 17
3.6 单片机最小系统电路设计 18
3.7本章小结 19
第四章 系统软件设计 20
4.1系统软件设计思路 20
4.2采集节点软件设计 22
4.3 NB-IOT通信软件设计 25
4.4 本章小结 28
第五章 系统测试与结果分析 29
5.1 系统调试 29
5.2 NB-IOT模块通信测试 29
5.3 本章小结 30
第六章 总结与展望 31
6.1 工作总结 31
6.2 研究展望 31
参考文献 34
致  谢 36